Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of biosynthesized of NiO nanoparticles using Raphanus sativus (R. sativus) extract

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the antibacterial and antioxidant efficacy nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs). Raphanus sativus ( R. ) extract mediated NiO NPs were calcined at 100, 300, 600 900 ? in a muffle furnace for 3 h. increased intensity diffraction bands X-ray (XRD) spectrum suggest that degree crystallinity increases with increasing calcination temperature. desired elements depicted energy dispersive X-rays (EDX) confirm purity Sample. variation surface morphology increase particles size from 12.78 51.42nm determined transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs. shift toward higher wavelength observed diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) spectra temperature, results into clear decrease band gap 3.12 2.86 eV. presence hydroxyl group along other organic moieties through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. biological potential examined during experiments. effect studied using agar well diffusion process, ABTS free radical scavenging also assessed. activity 100 °C is greater than those temperatures.